Self Reflection Paper - 700 Words

1) Emotions are feelings or thoughts that are hard to express to family or loved ones, the actual taught definition of the word emotions is â€Å"Emotions are processes shaped by physiology, perceptions and social experience.† (Lecture 3, Slide 3). When thinking about all the emotions an individual could have, two emotions that are difficult for me to express would be sadness and affection. When experiencing emotions from someone else it’s difficult for me to handle grief and anger, due to certain situation I personal had to deal with and situations I seen people around me dealing with. When looking back at my notes, lecture two, slide six has taught me how that there are major influences on us and that determines the relationships we have with†¦show more content†¦c) When the emotion of sadness does come upon me, some things I do or tell myself when I do start experiencing this emotion is to keep in controlled meaning to keep my calm, and not to overthink the reason behind the emotion, exactly name what I’m feeling (Lecture 3), name it and understand why the reason behind the emotion is making me feel sadness. Telling myself that everything is going to be okay and that feeling this emotion isn’t the end of the world is something natural and calming treatment I end up doing mentally. d) Some indirect ways that I express the emotion of sadness is by making sure that the topic that are sad are talked about and shared upon a group of friends or family member another way I show sadness is when someone is going through a rough time involving something personal, I try to connect on that individuals level. Showing feelings that are out of your comfort is a good way to over come an emotion. e) I would strongly like to change the way the emotion of sadness makes me feel, I want to be able to express sadness and not be a closed off person no matter who im showing the emotion towards. In another class discussion, the class shared countless stories about their past and how they got to where they are today and the part that really touched my heart was when my classmates were sharing the struggles that came along the way, and hearing their story and not being to react using sadness was unbreakable. 1a) For my other emotion that is difficultShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Self Reflection757 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-Reflection paper I cannot help but think how useful this course has been. Reflecting on the content covered over the course of this semester I have seen growth, and how changes on my lesson plan that not only benefited every student but also changed my focused in using different methods of instruction to fit the needs of every individual student. I truly enjoyed that the course was divided into main topics to help me grow on a professional level. Each topic attempted to provide specific examplesRead MoreReflection Paper On Self Reflection1514 Words   |  7 PagesSelf-Reflection paper I cannot help but think how useful this course has been. Reflecting on the content covered over the course of this semester I have seen growth, and how changes to my lesson plan have not only benefited every student, but also changed my focused on using different methods of instruction to fit the needs of every individual student. I truly enjoyed that the course was divided into main topics to help me grow on a professional level. Each topic attempted to provide specific examplesRead MoreSelf Reflection Paper1300 Words   |  6 Pagestoday as I sit down and write my first paper in almost 20 years. I’ve spent the last 10 years trying to be very concise in my communication, to the point and easy to skim the important facts to ensure what I need to get across will be read. 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I try to always stop and think before I do or say something that is going to harm me. Not only does it work to reflect when you are going through a fight. It’s important to reflect on school such in assignments and have better grades. Self-Reflection is going to make you a b etter person and help you makeRead MoreSelf Reflection Paper1067 Words   |  5 Pagesachieve if you believe that you will be successful; I found this statement to be true pertaining to myself over the process of these past few months. And that more than ever, if you really want to do something you’ll go ahead and do it. Motivation is self induced and drive is something that will come naturally when you’re doing the things that you love. Being a stage manager is a very interesting task (that could be because 95% of the time I had no idea what I was doing), however, it taught me moreRead MoreSelf Reflection Paper896 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-awareness is important in everyday life, for certain individuals, it can conduct an entire day of activities and decisions. This reflection of my self-awareness is based off personal positive and negative attributes which are a direct reflection of who I am as a person. To have an outside view of these attributes, I interview my girlfriend Stephanie Russo who is also my best friend. Stephanie has been close to me for the past three years as we grew as individuals. Because of this growing processRead MoreSelf Reflection Paper760 Words   |  4 Pageshave felt inadequate compared to my extroverted peers, teachers, and even family. I am often judged based on my personality, assumed to be dumb, uninvolved, and one who lacks the essential qualities it takes to be a leader. 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Computer Systems And The System Essay - 1062 Words

Introduction Computer systems advanced quickly when considered relative to how long systems have been around. The advancement of systems allowed for threads and processes to evolve to become more complex, and more efficient. The systems programs were executed on also became more efficient in the way they run programs. Systems that could only execute one program at a time, and share CPU cycles advanced to the point of parallel processing where threads are executed across many CPU cores. The security implementations among these systems was equally unique, and also have their own set of problems. Evolution of Threads and Processes A thread in a system is a sequential execution stream. That is, the instructions are executed in order. A process is one or more threads, as well as the current state of execution (Lambert, 2012). Early operating systems allowed one process, with one thread to be executed. Systems became capable of executing multiple processes, and threads as technology advanced. Time-sharing systems allowed processes to run concurrently on a computer, although each process was active on the CPU at one given time. Multiprogramming systems advanced this further, allowing multiple processes to occupy CPU time. Distributed systems were the next advancement where processes were distributed across multiple computers on a network. Parallel processing was the next to allow processes with multiple threads to be spread across cores on a single CPU. Time-sharing SystemsShow MoreRelatedComputer Systems : Computer System1143 Words   |  5 PagesComputer systems analysts are popular careers due to the evolution of new technology. 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MooBella free essay sample

What categories of costs would you expect to see in a list of MooBella start-up costs? The categories of costs that I would expect to see in a list of MooBella start-up costs are as follows: -Equipment, furniture, and fixtures -Leasehold improvements -Installation of equipment and fixtures -Computers and other technology -Owner time -Professional services -Promotion and advertising -Insurance -Debt service -Taxes -Franchise fees Supplies /products cost per machine -Inventory -Wages and benefits. It took nearly 20 years from idea to market for MooBella. Clearly, it had a long development and start-up period. Reflect on the emotional and other nonmonetary factors that were likely involved for Bruce Ginsberg. One critical component of getting an accurate startup cost estimate is to determine the length of time its going to take you to open your startup business. MooBella had almost taken 20 years for the idea to market and develop. Even though it seemed to be a simple concept it was technically complex and nearly cost the company $85 million to bring to market. We will write a custom essay sample on MooBella or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There were so many challenges with the research, development and start-up processes. The machines were very costly and it took 5 years to complete the computer portion of the project. Under Bruce Ginsbergs leadership, the Companys technology transitioned from a research development project into a marketable product. During this time, Mr. Ginsberg oversaw the implementation of the MooBella brand, and the solicitation of consumer feedback. Mr. Ginsberg’s dream was to create made-to-order hard-pack ice cream that had an excellent flavor and texture. It was all about the freshness. He put his own money up to start the business and carried his reputation and 30 plus years of experience with him to the development of this company. 3. What was the mix of funds used by MooBella to get started? To get started, the mix of funds that MooBella used to get started was with the help of a few investors including; Saturn Asset Management, Inventages, Bruce Ginsberg, and W Health LP. 4. What are the start-up costs that you would expect to encounter if you were a company that purchased a MooBella machine? The start-up costs that I would expect to encounter if I were a company that purchased a MooBella machine would be the lease payment of $400 a month, the price for the ingredients, utility expense, licenses and or a permit, maintenance and service expense, taxes and insurance for the equipment. I would also have to be concerned about the cost of sales. Picking the right location is key where lots of foot traffic take place. Some vending machine business owners grow their operations over time. They start part-time and then acquire more vending machines and locations as their profits grow. Because a MooBella machine does not require employees or other expensive overhead, a significant amount of cost for wages and benefits is eliminated.

Role Of ICT In Business Operation of a courier Company†Samples

Question: Discuss about the Role Of ICT In courier Company. Answer: Introduction Information and communication technology (ICT) can be defined as an infrastructure and component of modern computing that increases the efficiency of communication process thereby integrating the different telecommunication services. The role of ICT is widespread globally and is widely implemented for increasing the efficiency of business process. The report discusses the role of information and communication technology in everyday business operation of a courier company. Role of information and communication technology With the increase in sophistication of the ICT, many business organizations are incorporating ICT services in their day to day business operation. Information and communication technology plays a significant role in providing value in everyday operation of a courier company (Kanuna, 2013). Use of ICT in Courier Company is expected to improve the financial outcome of the company as well. The work of a Courier Company mainly deals with the movement of goods and services, messages, packages and mails across the world and therefore, the use of ICT is significant. Couriers are quite distinguished from ordinary mail services and make use of ICT for designing and implementing certain business processes, such as use of RFID for tracking the packages or use of mobile apps for tracking the packages (Agu, Nwoye Ogbuokiri, 2015). ICT in Courier Company has a critical role in collecting, processing and storing the data that is to be transferred to its intended destination. With the help of ICT, different courier company across the world have undergone service technology innovation that contributes to a better time and space utility along with the improvement in operational efficiency of the company. Use of time tracking systems and advanced loading and unloading equipments have made it easier to access the real time data and provide better services to the customers. The integration of different ICT services in business helps in efficient communication of the business provider (the courier company) with the customer (Noordin, Hasnan Osman, 2012). This increases the customers satisfaction and efficiency of the business processes. Furthermore, proper use of the information and communication technology services increases the marketing efficiency of the business along with proper resource management. The use of internet has made it easier for the courier companies to keep a track of the customers data and the bookings. It helps in faster data processing and reduces the redundancies in the stored data. Thus it enhances the business process of the courier company and helps in giving a fast delivery of the packages and letters. The use of different ICT services makes the process of searching the process of data searching faster. The digital storage of the customer details and the delivery details helps in storing a lot of physical space and reduces paper work as well (Hasnan, Noordin Osman, 2014). The communication processes becomes faster and accurate with the help of ICT. Therefore, in short the use of ICT has revolutionized the business process of Courier Company over the years to a large extent. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that there is a huge role of ICT in day to day business processes of a courier company. It has considerably increased the efficiency of business processes and the way of performing different business operations. References Agu, M. N., Nwoye, C. I., Ogbuokiri, B. O. (2015). Enhancing Courier Service with the Development of an Interactive Mobile App in Android Platform.IOSR J. Mobile Comput. Appl.,(IOSR-JMCA). e-ISSN, 2394-0050. Hasnan, N., Noordin, A., Osman, N. H. (2014). Six main innovation issues: A case of service innovation of postal and courier services in Malaysia.Journal of Technology Management and Business,1(1). Kanuna, L. M. (2013).The Effects Of Information Communication Technology On Financial Performance Of Courier Service Providers In Kenya: A Case Study Of Document Handling Limited(Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). Noordin, A., Hasnan, N., Osman, H. (2012). Service Innovation of Postal and Courier Services in Malaysia: Will It Lead to Customer Responsiveness.International Proceedings of Economics Development Research,42, 205-209.

Concepts of HP Laptops

Introduction Today’s business and leisure activities run smoothly due to the emergency of new and supportive technologies. For example, since the emergency of personal laptop computers, people are able monitor their personal finances from time to time.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Concepts of HP Laptops specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, networking, documentation and online chats keep on asserting new opportunities to lives of many. Numerous companies ranging from Dell to HP are manufacturing laptops for their clients. In order to make sure its laptop industry undergoes a revolution, Hewlett Packard Company has enacted modalities to create a viable market for their laptops. Market Structure for HP laptops Over the recent years, HP laptops are the most sold in the market. The dominance in the market is because of their resilience in price control and upgraded technologies. Information techno logists argue that, HP is able to regulate market economy through its peculiar products. The quality of HP laptops is not a selfish guarantee of aggressiveness in the market, but rather market protectionism and increased sales. In 2008, the number of HP laptops sold was greater by two million as compared to the second placed Dell laptops. The switch from personal computer desktops to laptops is responsible for HP laptop markets structure. The market structure of HP laptops created because of increased shares, continue to outburst the laptop industry. HP laptops furnish both small and large enterprises through dyed-in-the-wool product contours. Moreover, HP laptops dominate markets due to aggressive selling and excellent channel strategies that spout the ever-growing market segmentations. In fact, this explains why the market structure of HP laptops is bursting. (Kerridge, 2009, p.1).Advertising Looking for coursework on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed, competition is high in the market. For other laptop manufacturing companies to increase their sales, they must overshadow HP products must first something that needs a lot of effort and finances. The increased sales from HP products are because of proper branding strategies that helped in achieving market recognition. Increased HP shares are due to higher revenue generated from potential sales. Competitor companies like Dell, Acer and Toshiba are struggling to create brawny and superior illustrations, which will attract customer to buy their products (Display Search 2010, p.1). Possible Strategies of HP Laptop Competitors HP has theme in their business outsourcing strategies and this is being a market leader of computer laptops. If other competitor companies are not up to the task of creating market strength of their laptops, then there is no way out they can create pressure on HP products unless they come up with innovations in the lap top technology. Competitor companies presently also manufacture same commodities ranging from monitors to laptops something that HP has already done; hence, the need to come up with innovations to meet the ever increasing market competition they face from HP. Other possible strategies from HP laptop competitors include cutting the price of their products between 14 and 20 percent to induce a war price market. Some companies like dell have now embarked on server growth mechanisms, which will act like an entry point into the HP monopolistic market. It is true that HP does not dominate all markets in the world. As a way to bring competition, competitor laptop manufacturers should embark on opening new market places all over the world especially in places where HP products do not dominate the market. On the other hand, it is important to note that, these HP competitors are now engaged in laptop up gradation to give them an upper hand over HP laptops. This has really helped these compani es in attracting more customers toward their products.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Concepts of HP Laptops specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion In order to increase their sales through competition, I would like to see HP competitors launch new and featured laptop computers. For example, they can manufacture laptops with inbuilt TV tuner cards and modify the keyboard to a lighting one. Another modality to counter HP laptops is to manufacture laptops that sell at a cheaper price. In addition to that, these companies ought to make numerous advertisements so that their commodities become conversant to customers. This will boost customer loyalty hence sales and greater revenue generation. Reference List Display Search, 2010. HP Maintains 20% Worldwide Notebook PC Market Share in Q1’08; Gains Share on Rivals in 5 of 6 Regions; Mini-Note PC Market Forecast to Grow to More Than 13M Units in 2008. D isplay Search.  Web. Kerridge, M., 2009. The HP Laptop Industry. Linkvana.  Web. This coursework on Concepts of HP Laptops was written and submitted by user Emilia Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Specific Learning Disabilities in the Classroom

Specific Learning Disabilities in the Classroom Specific Learning Disabilities (SLDs) is the largest and fastest growing disability category in public schools. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA) defines SLDs: The term specific learning disability means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which disorder may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations. In other words, children with specific learning disabilities have trouble speaking, writing, spelling, reading and doing math. Types of SLDs Specific Learning Disabilities can include perceptual disabilities and Specific Learning Disabilities my significantly impair a childs ability to succeed in school, but not limit a child so much that he or she cant successfully participate in the general education curriculum with support. Inclusion and SLDs The practice of placing children with learning disabilities in classrooms with normal or, as special educators prefer it, typically developing children is called inclusion. The best place for a child with Specific Learning Disabilities is an inclusive classroom. This way he or she will get the special support they need without leaving the classroom. According to IDEA, the general education classroom is the default position. Before the re-authorization of IDEA of 2004, there was a discrepancy rule, which required a significant discrepancy between a childs intellectual ability (measured by IQ) and their academic functioning (measured by standardized Achievement Tests). A child reading below grade level who did not score well on an IQ test might have been denied special education services. That is no longer true. Challenges That Children With SLDs Present Understanding the nature of specific deficits can help a special educator design instructional strategies to help the disabled learner overcome difficulties. Some common problems include: Difficulty discriminating visual information, which can include dyslexia.Difficulty processing visual or auditory information.Difficulty organizing information visually or sequentially.Difficulty understanding the relationship between symbols and auditory or numerical ideas. SLD Children Benefit From Structured small group instructionDirect Instruction, often using repetitive and highly structured programs for reading and math.Repetitive practice at the students level of success.Support called Specially Designed Instruction (SDIs) which can include everything from small group instruction to frequent stretch breaks. Buyer Beware Some publishers or helping professionals offer programs or materials which they claim will help a child with Specific Learning Disabilities overcome their difficulties. Often referred to as Pseudo-Science these programs often depend on research that the publisher or practitioner has dummied up or anecdotal information, not real, reproducible research.

My letter to facuty senate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My letter to facuty senate - Essay Example from a professional, I have learned that I am suffering from acute psychological disaster which was brought by the tragic circumstances that I need to go through. I am really sorry for not being a good student during those two semesters. Noting your experience, I know that you’re aware of the tough times that youth need to go through. Those past years have really been challenging for me as a person to remind myself that everything will be fine when I feel just too exhausted from personal burdens. The years that I’ve spent in the army did me good by instilling me with a sense of responsibility and developing my maturity. I have learned to be selfless and appreciate even those little things which I have. Thus, I would like to pursue a college education in Smeal College. Please, help me accomplish this dream by erasing those two semesters of immaturity and lack of disciple in my

MBA Business and Economic Evironment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MBA Business and Economic Evironment - Essay Example As the interest rates change, so do the spending and saving patterns of the people. When interest rates increase the cost of borrowing money increases and hence people borrow lesser where as when there is a decrease in interest rates people are more inclined to borrowing money because the cost of borrowing is lower. This affects the aggregate demand and aggregate supply of a country because money is the basis of all transactions that take place in an economy and if the cost of borrowing money decreases the money demand in the economy would tend to increase and people will be more inclined to spend that money and hence the aggregate demand would increase and this would lead to more people being employed if the economy is not already operating at optimum level of productivity. On the other if interest rates tend to increase then the cost of borrowing increases and people are not willing to borrow, hence the aggregate demand for the economy would decrease and the would have adverse effe cts on the labor as well. An increase in the interest rates in Australia would definitely have the same effects as well and a decrease in aggregate demand is expected. Industrial point of View: If the interest rates are increasing the cost of borrowing for industries would go sky high because industrialists require huge sums of loans because of the industry and the operations that they need to carry out. A very important decision for the firms is based on the interest rates and their trends, the question is: to expand or not to expand The answer lies with the interest rates, if they are very high then the company might postpone their expansionary plans but if they are lower and within a safe limit then the company can go and expand. This applies to whole industries, if industries expand there would be much more labor required and there would be an increase in employment leading to an increase in aggregate demand. Hence if any government is looking to give a boost to its industrial set up it should take special care when dealing with interest rates because it might charter the course of a whole industry and any industry is important to the economy because it has a lot of oth er units such as labor and exports dependent upon such industries, though some governments have come up with industrial interest rates but still they serve the same function. Exchange Rates: The exchange rates of a country play an integral part in determining where the country is heading in the near future and also has far reaching consequences in policy making. Interest rates play a very important role in determining what a country's exchange rates would be, in fact they are also a tool to tamper with the exchange rates. If the interest rates are increasing in an economy, ceteris paribus, then there would be an inflow of foreign currency into that country because people would want to save their money in that country's banks because that would give them a higher return on their investments, when this takes place the demand for a country's currency on the foreign exchange market increases. On the other hand if the interest rat

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Business Strategy - Essay Example The theoretical framework applied for external audit is the PESTEL analysis. The political system in China significantly favours entrepreneurship. Having risen from a middle-income country to a near developed country in less than a century, the political system has a history of favouring entrepreneurship (bec.org). Hong Kong is the richest country in the mainland China with a GDP of US$ 258 billion. This makes it one of the most economically viable nations. The purchasing power in the country is estimated by the World Bank to be US$ 42.653. The country has other established foreign and local brands that pose great competition to Koyo Jeans. These include Diesel, Calvin Klein and Levis which are international companies; and Gallery and Lucky Brand, which are Hong Kong-based (lowtax.net). Being a local company, Koyo jeans do not experience any social or political barriers. The population of Hong Kong is more than 7 million people most of whom embrace the European and traditional Chinese clothing as fashion. Because of the cultural orientation of the products, the demand for Koyo Jeans’ products is high among the people who can be said to be luxurious shoppers. They have been quite receptive of the Koyo products over the years and has helped the company develop. Canada has a democratic tradition dating back to mid-nineteenth century. A general governor governs the country, and the political system is fairly stable. Being a developed and industrialised country, the political system is supportive to businesses, both local and foreign. The population of Canada is more than 34 million people and is in constant expansion. The Canadians are not only affluent but also fashion sensitive. This means that there is a ready market for the products. Jeans market in Canada experienced a 2% increase in 2013 (euromonitor.com). The main competitors in this market are the European brands; Diesel, Calvin Klein, Levi; and the Canadian

The Marketing Director Of Nestle Company Marketing Essay

The Marketing Director Of Nestle Company Marketing Essay Introduction The assignment investigates about a marketing strategy, tactics for a new product innovation and product improvements of Nestlà ©, one of the fastest growing FMCG Company with its product innovations. In this assignment, the STP analysis and tactics of marketing is applied for the new product design of the existing product from Nestlà ©. Firstly, Wheelwright and Clark, 1992 state that New product development (NPD) is due to three reasons such as increasing international competition, the challenging markets and the diverse or various technologies. Montoya- Weiss and Calantone (1994) add that the success or failure of NPD depend on the performance and factors done by organisation according to the strategic factors, development process and market innovation skills. The total word count of the assignment is () excluding references and appendices. The overview of the company (market and existing portfolio of its products and brands) Nestlà © is a Swiss multinational packaged food company formed by the merger of the Anglo- Swiss Milk company in 1905 (Nestlà ©, 2012). It is not only the largest food company in the world possessing 8,000 brands and a range of products but also one of the shareholders of LOreal, the worlds largest cosmetics company (Tom Mulier, 2011). The logo of Nestlà © symbolizes not only the activities of the company but also illustrates the average modern family of two children where the tree symbolizes an oak and the birds thrushes. The blue colour logo characterizes purity, care and goodness (famouslogos.us, 2012). Figure 1: The logo of Nestlà © (Nestlà ©, 2012) Nestlà © has sustained great performance in UK and Ireland which is due to its well- known brands, Kit Kat and Nescafà © and gained good sales growth through the year, 2012. Moreover, its successful innovations such as Nescafà © Azera and Maggi brand had made the company, Nestlà © outstanding from its competitors- both major competitors (Unilever and Mass Incorporated and Kraft foods) and competitors from local markets. The company has invested more than  £500 million to launch next generation of world class manufacturing facilities in the UK. Additionally, the company will hire more than 300 employees for their Nescafà © Dolce Gusto plant, which has increased the market share to supply not only to the UK market but also to export markets around the world (Nestlà ©, 2012). The type of the NPD for Nestlà © Company Trott (1998) defines new products as the developments or variations on existing formats. Although the products have appeared before in the market, it is still new to the market due to the changing innovation of including application advice for the product. Among the brands from Nestlà ©, the new product development would be the combination of dairy products (condensed milk and sugar) and coffee in one packet. That is also known as the additions to existing product lines (Trott, 1998). What makes it different from the previous packaging is not because having more than one product but because of launching new product innovation which is different from its competitors products. Figure 2: New Product Design for Nestlà © Our new product will meet the functional needs such as Biogenic needs or Biogenic drives often known as physiological drives and satisfy the physical needs such as food, water, air and shelter (Solomon and Bamossy et al, 2010). According to the Maslows hierarchy of needs, it satisfies the physiological needs which in turn dominate an individuals attention (Chisnall, 1995). Importantly, the needs of people differ according to the individuals unique history, learning experiences and the cultural environment and background (Solomon and Bamossy et al, 2010). Moreover, Motivation is the psychological process that allows consumers to recognize the needs (Wells and Prensky, 1996). Therefore, the new product of Nestlà © will definitely give positive motivation to customers where they will find out the positive mood, pleasure and comfort where it will lead to operant conditioning where the attractiveness of the product will provide the consumers through their benefits (Evans, Jamal and Foxal l, 2009). Segmentation through Demographic, Psychographics, Values, Culture and Influencing factors Clearly, the purpose of segmentation, a creative process is to fulfil customers needs and requirements creating competitive advantage for the company. However, Weinstein (1987) argue that companies treat everyone is their customers not targeting as segments groups in most companies. Macdonald and Dunbar (1998) explain that according to the Ansoff matrix, our new product includes in extending existing products to new segments. They suggest that a clear and realistic goal is necessary for a company as it plays a crucial role in the marketing planning process. Therefore, select segmented customers play an important role as targets for marketing activity and then develop a unique marketing program to carry out the prospects. Segmentation creates opportunities for the company where they can meet customers needs not only for today but also for the future (Macdonald and Dunber, 1998). Firstly, to know who to focus on and why, then we need to identify attractive segments from United Kingdom to know the consumer criteria. The Ethnicity results of 2001 Census show that 85.67% of proportions of total UK population are White British. 1.8% is of Indian, 1% is of Black Caribbean and 0.4% is of Other Asian excluding Chinese. See more in Appendix (). According to Evans, Jamal and Foxall (2010), consumer psychographics consist of lifestyle, personality and self- image. However Ries and Trout (1972) suggest that learning Psychographics, we become to recognize and understand about the values, perceptions, lifestyle, attitudes and motivations of the people. The lifestyle groups of people from UK are self- actualizers, innovators, esteem-seeker, strivers, contented conformers, traditionalists and disconnected The Consumer Insights Social Value Groups (2005), 18% of UK population like to self- actualises. Antonides and Raaij (1998), claim that values play an important part in Christianity and West European Culture. The values of UK can be learnt according to the indexes of Greet Hofstede (1991). Ronen and Shenkar (1985) stated UK as one of the Anglo countries. According to Hofstedes maps, UK ranks small on Power Distance and weak Uncertainty. Besides, amongst the types of self- congruence and self concept motives, Jamal and Goode (2001) investigate that individuals with higher levels of self-image congruence prefer higher levels of satisfaction. Thus, the attitudes towards buying new product behaviour can change with Heider (1958) theory. Targeting for the new Nestlà © product The target market of Nestlà © would be demographic targeting (N generation and Generation X or Baby Busters). Adam Smith Institute (1998) mentions that Generation Y or the millennial generation sometimes known as N generation are between ages 16 to 33 year old in 2010. Coupland (1991) indicates that age ranges from 34 to 44 year olds in 2010 are Generation X or Baby Busters. Ahmad, 2002 remark that over 20 million people in UK are of baby boomers (45-65 year olds in 2010) which can be estimated as 25 million by 2021. Moreover, Benefits sought can differ according to the social classes. See the social classes of UK (2008) in Appendix. Middle class people consume healthier food than the low ones. According to Freuds psychoanalytic theory, middle class people show superego structure from their conscious mind and control their behaviour according to morals and values. Oppositely, people who grew up in poverty are observing for physiological and safety needs from Maslows hierarchy of needs. Therefore, we should motivate these people to have healthy nutrients. In order to attract new product of Nestlà ©, the influencers are important as people are usually addicted to what the influencer speaks. Therefore, M Evans and C Fill being cited in Evans et al (2010) explain that opinion formers are targeted first and after that opinion leaders may receive the information from the opinion formers. But Antonides and Raaij (2010) claimed that opinion formers are informed via social contents by opinion leaders as they know new products via mass media. So, opinion leaders can give positive or negative advice and further information to opinion formers as they are influenced by opinion leaders. Park and Lessig (1997) suggest that information influence helps a lot in motivating people buying behaviour as they ask first from relatives upon which products to buy when they consider buying a product. Consequently, the motivation can acquire from external environment (Evans, Jamal and Foxall, 2010). McGuire (1974, 1976) show that cognitive motives can make individuals need for being adaptively concerned with headed for the environment and for attaining a sense of meaning. He and Greenberg, (2009) explain that cognitive dissonance motivates customers of the inconsistency between their attitude and behaviour, and encouraging a change headed for sustainable behaviour. Evans, Jamal and Foxall (2010), suggest that Maslow hierarchy of needs shows the motivational hierarchy of people. Positioning Fifield (2007) states positioning possesses an idea or perception in the customers attention. While Shimp (2011) defines that positioning has two actions namely, brand in (the consumers mind) and against (competitive positioning strategies). However, Clancy and Krieg (2000) show that positioning is all about stating a short statement or message to imprint in customers minds. Nowadays, most companies are expanding their positioning strategies to appeal more segments (Kotler et.al, 2005). For new Nestlà © product, the communication message Time Saving is crucial to receive the customers attention (Evans, Jamal and Foxall, 2009). This would be positioning based on functional needs to deliver solutions to consumers current consumption-related difficulties or potential problems by telling that the brand has specific benefits capable of solving those problems (Shimp, 2011). It becomes product related attributes as it offers product advantages such as saves time, affordable and convenient to carry which in turns motivates customers and creates values for their wants. Nevertheless, Kotler et.al (2005) outline that the competitive advantage being low and high quality influence on products position. For Nestlà ©, firstly, Nestlà ©s current position in the mind of consumers will be supported where introducing unoccupied position which values consumers and allowing reposition the competition. Finally, a company should deliver and communicate the desired position to target consumers because the companys marketing mix- product, price, place and promotion support its positioning strategy. Importantly, Nestlà © should support its position through performance and communication avoiding changes that might confuse consumers (Kotler et.al, 2005). Marketing Mix Strategies Product Kotler et. al, 2005 explain product offers market for attention, acquisition which satisfies customers needs and wants. A product can be physical objects, services, persons, places, organisations and ideas. Actual product of new Nestlà © includes its features, design, band name and packaging. It is vital to gain strong brand equity to capture customers loyalty and preference (Kotler et.al, 2005). Aaker (1991) recommend that a brand is a distinguishing name or symbol (such as a logo, trademark, or pack design) intended to identify the goods and services of either one seller or a group of sellers, and to differentiate those goods or services from those of competitiors. In order to launch the brand extension or brand stretching, new product can easily get recognition whereby saves high advertising cost. Essentially, a failure of brand extensions sometimes occur Brand dilution which may damage consumer attitudes towards other products as well (Kotler et al, 2005). For the new product, the original logo and name of Nestlà © would use. This could bring several advantages not only gaining customers attention because of creating a good product quality but also enabling the supplier to attract a loyal and profitable set of customers. As the package colour is of green and gold which is likeability legally protectable and made with higher- quality products. Packaging, an activity of designing the container or wrapper of a product for new Nestlà © can fulfil customers coffee breaks as it saves time and budget for them. For the new product, the logo and slogan will be the same as the original Nestlà © product. The design of the new product comes with 20 small packets inside a huge pack. Also the product is available with a small one whereas including 3 ingredients. This new packaging style would bring several benefits for the customers since it includes three products at the same time which offers the basic problem solving for them. They can easily carry and consume it whenever they go or can keep it since it comes along with zip-lock pattern. Moreover, it saves time for the customers when they are having a cup of coffee which in turn offers augmented benefits. Furthermore, it provides core benefits to middle class people. Since it is a consumer product therefore, consumers frequently purchase it for their own consumption. Furthermore, product quality has a direct impact on product performance; therefore, Nestlà © should link its new product quality to customers value and satisfaction (Kotler et.al, 2005). Nestlà © firstly should create quality level to support the new products position in the target market. Customer- driven strategy should introduce here to create a better quality for customers. The Product life cycle identifies a products sales and profits over its lifetime (Kotler et.al, 2005). During Introduction stage, since the product is new, the profits are negative or low because of the low sales and high distribution and promotion expenses. A rapid penetration strategy should apply to get fastest market penetration and largest market share (Kotler et al, 2005). If the new product meets market needs in the growth stage, sales will start increasing. Thus, the early adopters will begin buying and later buyers will start following their lead, because of the word-of- mouth. Later, new competitors will enter the market. It is essential to aware the product not to reach to maturity and to decline stage. The PLC of existing Nestlà © brands and new product is shown in Appendix (). Price Obviously, among the 4 elements of marketing mix, Price only can bring revenues. It is essential to avoid pricing which is cost-oriented rather than customer-value oriented. Since the segment and target market is carefully done, it is easy to set up the price for the new product. Being a new product, Nestlà © should apply market- penetration pricing while setting a low rice in order to attract large numbers of buyers and penetrate the market. Nestlà © should maintain its low price position to get penetration in the market. Among five products mix strategies, Nestlà © comes with product line pricing as there are cost difference between the products from the product line that have difference features and competitors prices. The selling price for the new product would be  £3 pounds for the whole packet which has 20 small packs inside. Being oligopolistic competition pricing, Nestlà © Company is always alert to its competitors strategies. Moreover, the customers perceptions of price effect on their buying decisions. Thus, if the new products demand falls by 10 %, when Nestlà © raises its price by 2 % the demand would be elastic occurring -5. However, if demand falls by 1% when the price is increased by 2%, inelastic demand occurs with -1/2 (Kotler et.al, 2005). Place Place is where transporting the right product to the right place at the right time to the customers (The times 100, 2012). It is known as Nestlà ©s distribution channel within marketing mix is to reach to its target market. New product of Nestlà © should be transported using indirect-marketing channels as below: The product is firstly targeted to consumers from UK in the introduction stage, it will distribute to all over the countries later. Marketing channel is part of customer value delivery network therefore; each channel adds value for the customers. The intermediaries of Nestlà © (wholesalers and retailers) take part a number of activities when delivering the products. For example: wholesalers can provide quicker delivery to the customers and retailers offer final link between the consumers and Nestlà © company (Kotler et. al, 2005). For the logistics functions, Nestlà © should store the goods in the warehouses while making stock available before the products are ready to be sold. Promotion The communication message Time Saving is crucial to receive the customers attention (Evans, Jamal and Foxall, 2009). In order to communicate with the target customers (external stakeholders), a variety of promotion methods will use with the purpose of Effectively attainting new customers by increasing customer base and Retention of existing customers by keeping up customer relations New product is going to be promoted through television, internet among the major media types. Nestlà ©s new product should Reach 70% of its target market during the first three months. I. Broadcast advertising (Television and Internet) The benefits would be good mass-market coverage and low cost per exposure. Frangi (2011) states that the proportion of media activities during the day time in UK as follow: For Nestlà © new product, an advertisement should create using Beyoncà ©s family (Appendix). Celebrity Endorsement promotes a sense of belief among the target audience and approves brand equity (Till, 1998). Moreover, since a celebrity can make advertisement believable (Kamins et.al;.1989), there will be certain awareness of the target group by breaking the disorder of ad and creating the ad and brand more obvious. As celebrity can help in brand name recognition (Petty, Cacioppo, Schermann, 1983), people will have a high recalling member for their favourite celebrity. Celebrities are appreciated and adored and respected by their audiences or fans and advertisers so, using stars as PR can influence the fans or customers towards the brand. Additionally, using Social networks Facebook, MySpace and Twitter could lead the customers to memorize the new product in a short period of time. It could especially attract to teenagers by looking at the proportion of their internet usage (Appendix). Proportion of adults who browse over social networking sites on the internet Conclusion Using the marketing mix creates a lot of advantages which brings customers satisfactions. Importantly, brand loyalty is necessary to make customers willingness to repeat purchase. It is essential to make a brand to be available in every shop including benefits such as good brand image, affordable price and packaging style. Marketing Strategies of Nestlà © would bring benefits along with the AIDA model. Attention (Awareness) attracts customers attention and awareness. Interest- creates advantages and benefits of Nestlà ©. Nestlà © should let its stakeholders know that fair ingredients include in it which is suitable to everybody. Mind will be fresh and everybody can concentrate on their work, after consuming the new product. Desire- The five performance objectives quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and fair price should consider getting customers desire. First error free goods should introduce which brings quality advantage to customers. Speed is important in providing goo ds and services to customers. Besides, doing or making things on time is important too. This is dependability. Next, flexibility requires fulfilling all customer requirements and dealing with all customer possibilities. Action- Customers action will meet as soon as they buy the new product. It is important to offer a value more than customers expectations. Thus, they have satisfaction which in turn creates them hard-core loyal and will unlikely to switch brands in the predictable future. As a recommendation, Nestlà © should consider internally and externally for its new product development. Internally, all departments have to work together, discuss and consider how they should make to build the brand image of new products and get the customers trust. Externally, it should consider about relationship, integrated and social responsibilities marketing. Nestlà © brand has long-term relationship with its customers, employees, suppliers, distributors, members of the financial community; shareholders and investors and other marketing partners (channels, distributors and advertising agencies). According to Kotler Keller (2006) Holistic Marketing is important in developing, designing and implementing of marketing programs, processes and activities. The relationship should not end in order to earn and retain the business. A strong relationship is essential to give a value which is more than customers expectations that would bring satisfactions and loyalty. Figure 1.1 Demography of UK in the year 2010 Classification of classes Explanations Lower middle class White collar workers Middle class Got tertiary education Upper middle class Earn higher incomes. They all are traditionally accomplished from private schools. Nouveau riche Working class, lower middle class Under class Long- term unemployed, elderly pensioners, economic immigrants, dependent on state benefits Upper class Statistically very few nowadays Skilled working class Blue- collar workers Work mostly in the construction and manufacturing factory. Unskilled and semi- skilled working class Blue- collar workers Work mostly in car factories, steel mills and textile mills Figure 1.3 Social classes of UK New product of Nestlà © Existing Nestlà © products

Suicide, America’s Hidden Devastation Essay -- Essays Papers

Suicide, America’s Hidden Devastation Suicide is one of the youth’s ways out of their problems, not only in the United States but the world. What does drive teens to suicidal thoughts and actions? What are the ways communities help prevent teenage suicide? Perhaps there are signs can be pointed out that would indicate a problem. In two surveys in 1996, both reported in the Journal of Adolescent Health, both also asked relatively the same questions of the violent actions that some people may see in life’. Surprisingly, the numbers for many of the questions were the same, such as teens who witnessed a shooting first hand; they both were about 37% (Pastore, Fisher, and Friedman 321-2). Using information such as this, one cannot blame the recent rise in teenage suicide with the violent problems of life, but more along the lines of depression caused by multiple things, for instance body image. According to many researchers, alcohol is many times a solution to a teen’s problem with life and the hardships people face in it. Many people in the United States overlook the major problem of teenage suicide; this is a mistake There are many things which can drive a teen to commit suicide some of them are as simple as making fun of the â€Å"fat† kid in class; others can come from the mental images from witnessing a shooting. There are four major issues which contribute to teen suicide such as depression, family problems, risk factors, and teens reactions to there climate. Depression, unfortunately, is one of the biggest factors of today’s teenage suicide problems and some of the reasons for it are from the student’s own peers, â€Å"being depressed is triggered by loss or rejection (Joan 59).† Depression can be f... ...ter than to do so. I know what it is like to loose something that you love so much so that you don’t think you can go on in life. We as a community must somehow set up a better support technique in order to save teens from this devastating misfortune. We can help, it’s just how much effort one is willing to put forth. Works Cited Allen, Janet. End-of-Life Issues. Westport, Connecticut. Greenwood Press, 2002 Garfinkel, Barry and Northrup, Gorden. Absolute Suicide. New York and London. Haworth Press, 1989 Joan, Polly. Preventing Teenage Suicide. New York. Human Sciences Inc., 1986 Orbach, Israel. Children Who Don’t Want to Live. San Francisco. Jossey-Bass Inc., 1988 Pastore, Fisher, and Friedman. â€Å"Violence and Mental Health Problems among Urban High School Students.† Journal of Adolescent Health. New York. Elsevier Science Inc., 1996

Two Ways to Belong in America

America Dream† she never lost who she was. She never lost her Indian background. Two sisters went to America, so that they can get a great education and also a great Job. Even though they had the same idea coming to America, they both went different ways. These two sisters, they are exactly the same. They have some differences but then it starts happening when they get married.Mira gets married to an Indian man and Bharati gets married to an American man. Mira worked hard to make a living so that when she is ready to retire she has enough to move back to India. Bharati traveled around North America with her husband being an American citizen. Mira wasn't a citizen and her boss wanted a labor certification, but she couldn't provide it so she felt like she was being used. Mira paid her taxes, she loves America and she loves India.She believes that they should start the bill for immigrants who come into the country after the bill has been passed. I feel that Mira doesn't have to be in love with the country but she puts enough dedication to the country that she wants to be a citizen so she doesn't have to go back to India. In the end Bharati explains that her sister Mira is an example of a bigger issue that many people come to America on visa's and when it's over they want to stay because they think it's a great place.

Free Essays on Albrecht Durer

Albrecht Durer is known as the greatest German artist of the Renaissance. Durer was born in 1471 in Nuernberg, Germany. His parents were Hungarian emigrants who came to Germany in search of a better life. Durer began his career in Nuernberg, Germany with his father. His father was a Hungarian goldsmith who emigrated to Germany in 1455. Despite his father being a goldsmith, Durer began painting at the age of 14 in 1484. Durer soon became an apprentice in 1486 to a printmaker named Michel Wolgumut. Wolgumut taught Durer how to work with woodcuts and how to engrave into copper. Beginning in 1490 Durer traveled widely for study, including trips to Italy in 1494 and 1505-7 and to Antwerp and the Low Countries in 1520-1. During his visit to Venice on his second Italian trip Durer was especially influenced by Giovanni Bellini and Bellini's brother-in-law Andrea Mantegna. The period between his Italian trips was one of great productivity and artistic growth, characterized by his publication, 1496-8, of a portfolio of woodcuts, The Apocalypse of St. John. Scholars have suggested that the portfolio may have been intended as a veiled expression of support for the Reformation, with Babylon used as a surrogate for Rome. Beginning at least as early as 1512, Durer became portraitist to the rich and famous of his time, including Emperor Maximilian I and Christian II of Denmark. Other sitters included Jacob Fugger and other prominent merchants, clergy and government officials. He soon returned to Nuernberg, Germany where he died on April 6, 1528. Durer is considered by many as one of the best Renaissance artist of his time. His work can still be seen today hanging in some of the most famous museums in the entire world.... Free Essays on Albrecht Durer Free Essays on Albrecht Durer One artist that sits on a higher pedestal than many is Albrecht Durer. Recognized as the most famous artist of the Reformation period, he was brilliantly talented in many areas, Watercolor, Woodcuts and engraving to name a few. Albrecht Durer’s contribution to the Art world intrigues and fascinates us until this day. Durer was born in 1471 in Nuremburg, Germany. His father was a respected goldsmith and filled the office of â€Å"official assayer of precious metals†. (Hutchison 20) Recognized for his honesty and reputation he received many prestigious commendations. Durer the Elder, the skillful goldsmith, can be considered Durer’s first art instructor. At the young age of ten Durer the Elder taught his son the goldsmith’s technique. Many believed that the skillful handling of the engraver’s burin (a pointed steel cutting tool used by engravers) was the origin for his distinctive style, which rendered him a gifted artist with an eye for detail. The creation of Durer’s renowned self-portrait, developed while looking into a mirror at the young age of thirteen, was his first known contribution to the art world. Because of the portrait, his father recognized his young son’s natural ability for drawing. The portrait created in the Silverpoint technique, which reached its peak during the Renaissance period. This technique requires a soft, meticulous touch that generates a drawing with extremely fine lines. With the creation of a Silverpoint, a stylus with a metal form wire of, silver, copper, bronze or gold on a prepared â€Å"ground† surface is required. During the 15th century, the â€Å"ground† most likely consisted of white lead, ground bone combined with a glue size and tinted with pigment. The minute deposit of metal left on the â€Å"ground† produces a fine gray line by means of a chemical reaction on the primed surface. After oxidation, the resulting characteristic is a soft brown shade visible in the fine lines,... Free Essays on Albrecht Durer Albrecht Durer is known as the greatest German artist of the Renaissance. Durer was born in 1471 in Nuernberg, Germany. His parents were Hungarian emigrants who came to Germany in search of a better life. Durer began his career in Nuernberg, Germany with his father. His father was a Hungarian goldsmith who emigrated to Germany in 1455. Despite his father being a goldsmith, Durer began painting at the age of 14 in 1484. Durer soon became an apprentice in 1486 to a printmaker named Michel Wolgumut. Wolgumut taught Durer how to work with woodcuts and how to engrave into copper. Beginning in 1490 Durer traveled widely for study, including trips to Italy in 1494 and 1505-7 and to Antwerp and the Low Countries in 1520-1. During his visit to Venice on his second Italian trip Durer was especially influenced by Giovanni Bellini and Bellini's brother-in-law Andrea Mantegna. The period between his Italian trips was one of great productivity and artistic growth, characterized by his publication, 1496-8, of a portfolio of woodcuts, The Apocalypse of St. John. Scholars have suggested that the portfolio may have been intended as a veiled expression of support for the Reformation, with Babylon used as a surrogate for Rome. Beginning at least as early as 1512, Durer became portraitist to the rich and famous of his time, including Emperor Maximilian I and Christian II of Denmark. Other sitters included Jacob Fugger and other prominent merchants, clergy and government officials. He soon returned to Nuernberg, Germany where he died on April 6, 1528. Durer is considered by many as one of the best Renaissance artist of his time. His work can still be seen today hanging in some of the most famous museums in the entire world....

KUHN Surname Meaning and Family History

KUHN Surname Meaning and Family History The Kuhn surname originated as a nickname or descriptive name for someone who was bold or keen; descendant of KUHN, a pet form of Kunrat, German form of Conrad, meaning bold, counsel. Surname Origin:  German Alternate Surname Spellings:  KUHNE, KUEHN, KUHNS, KIHN, COON, COONS, COEN, COONE, KUNZ, KUNTZ, KUHNE, KOHN, KUEHNE, KÃÅ"HN,  KÃÅ"HNE   Famous People with the KUHNSurname Thomas Kuhn - American historian and physicist; famous for  his 1962 book called The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.Friedrich Adalbert Maximilian Kuhn - German botanistOskar Kuhn - German paleontologistRichard Kuhn -  Austrian biochemist, winner of the 1938 Nobel Prize in ChemistryW. Langdon Kihn -  American painter and illustrator Where is the KUHN Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from Forebears, the Kuhn  surname is most common in Germany, ranking as the countrys 56th most common surname. It is also fairly common in Switzerland, where it is the 74th most common last name.  WorldNames PublicProfiler  data indicates the Kuhn surname is especially common in southwestern German, particularly the state of Saarland. It is also common in Zurich, Ostschweiz and Nordwestschweiz, Switzerland, as well as in Alsace, France. Surname maps from Verwandt.de indicate the  Kuhn last name is most common in southwestern Germany, especially in the counties or cities of Munich, Neunkirchen, Stadtverband Saarbrucken, Ostalbkreis, Wurzburg, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Esslingen and Offenbach.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname KUHN Meanings of Common German SurnamesUncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common German surnames. Kuhn  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Kuhn  family crest or coat of arms for the Kuhn surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Coon DNA Surname ProjectIndividuals with the Coon surname and variations such as Kuhn, Kuehne, Koone, Kohn, Koon, Kuhne, Kuhns, Coontz, and Kuntz, plus dozens of others, have joined together to combine genealogy research with Y-DNA testing to help determine common ancestry. KUHN  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Kuhn  ancestors around the world. Search or browse the archives for your Kuhn ancestors, or join the group and post your own Kuhn family query. FamilySearch - KUHN  GenealogyExplore over 2.8  million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Kuhn surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. KUHN  Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Kuhn surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - KUHN  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Kuhn. GeneaNet - Kuhn  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Kuhn  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Kuhn  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Kuhn  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Econometrics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Econometrics - Assignment Example For RM (average number of rooms in the owner occupied housing in the census tract), in the first variant, a 1 percent change in RM causes 0.329 % change in MV (the median housing price). In the second variant, a 1 percent change in RM causes a 0.0306 % change in the median housing price (MV). Eventually, a 1 percent changes in RM causes a 0.294 % change in the median housing price in the third variant. In the second variable, the weighted distance to five major employment centers in the Boston region (DIS), the order of coefficients; 0.028, 0.027, and 0.027 in absolute values. In the criteria of absolutism, a one percent change in DIS causes a reduction of median housing price by 0.028 in the first variant, a reduction of 0.027 in the second variant, and a reduction of 0.027 in the third variant. In the third variable, nitrogen oxide concentrations in parts per hundred million (NOX), the coefficients are 1.479 and 1.529 in the second and third variants respectively. These figures suggest that 1 percent change in nitrogen oxide concentration increases the medium housing price by 1.479 in the second variant and by 1.529 in the third variant. Beta coefficient is the measure of the sensitivity of the estimates in influencing the median housing price. In the estimates, the beta coefficient is the slope of the model summarized into ÃŽ ²0, ÃŽ ²1, ÃŽ ²4, ÃŽ ²3, and ÃŽ ²2. Normally, the coefficients would imply 1 percentage change in the estimate 1 and 2 would cause an increase of 0.566 and 0.0261. However, using the beta approach, the two coefficients are below, suggesting that they are below the median housing price. 6. Suppose in model (3) I added in the variable NOX DCHAS, resulting in ln(MVi) = ÃŽ ²0 + ÃŽ ²1RMi + ÃŽ ²2 ln(DISi) +ÃŽ ²3NOXi + ÃŽ ²4DCHAS;i + ÃŽ ²5 NOX DCHAS +Æ i . How would the interpretation of Æ 3 change in model (3) after the inclusion of this variable? What is the interpretation of Æ 5 in this model? 9. Given

Juvenile and Adult Courts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Juvenile and Adult Courts - Essay Example It was perceived, due to the influence of industrialization and modernization, that the children were corruptible innocents and that their upbringing demanded greater structure as prerequisite to adulthood than that had been previously regarded. Based on the assumptions of the social scientists who suggested that children are not responsible for their actions in the same way as adults since they are not fully developed, the idea of juvenile justice system was emphasized. According to this view, juvenile criminality is a kind of youthful illness, which can be cured by relocating the juvenile to a better family life in a rural setting. Thus, the first court designed specifically to deal with children was established in Chicago one hundred years ago which led to the growth of a separate juvenile justice system nationwide. "Juvenile courts are responsible for dealing with children who are accused of committing two types of offenses: status offenses - violations of laws with which only ch ildren can be charged (e.g., running away from home); and delinquency offenses - acts committed by a child which, if committed by an adult, could result in criminal prosecution." (Young and Gainsborough, 2000, p 2). Significantly, the premise on which the separate juvenile system rests is that children are developmentally different from adults and that more amenable to treatment and rehabilitation to juvenile criminals can be ensured by this system, unlike the adult criminal justice system. Therefore, it is essential to regard the juvenile justice system and the adult criminal justice system as two separate systems of justice founded on different philosophies, even though there are elements of close resemblance in both the systems. In a comparative analysis of the juvenile justice system and the adult criminal justice system, it becomes evident that the juvenile court system has been historically distinct from adult courts and both the systems are founded on divergent philosophies. Whereas the adult criminal justice system emphasizes the punishment of criminals, the juvenile justice system is mainly concerned with the rehabilitation and treatment, along with community protection. Rehabilitation and treatment are not primary goals in the criminal justice system and the guiding principle of this system is that criminal sanctions should be relative to the offense committed. On the contrary, "the juvenile justice process centers on the individual child and takes into account the child's problems and needs, focusing less on punishment than on helping the child to change and so minimize the likelihood of future criminal behavior." (Young and Gainsborough, 2000, p 2). Although there has been an important speculation in the recent years that the clemency within the juvenile justice system is not always the best option for all cases, it is constantly emphasized that there are several momentous differences between the juvenile and adult courts. The terminology used within the juvenile and adult courts offers one of the main differences between the two systems. "For juveniles who are brought into court, the terminology refers to the situation as an 'act of delinquency'. In the adult court the term 'crime' is used. Another difference is the way in which

Human trafficking in the United States and is human trafficking Research Paper

Human trafficking in the United States and is human trafficking related or associated to poverty - Research Paper Example This research sets out to explore a variety of areas related to human trafficking and the intensity of poverty as an alleviating cause of human trafficking. The purpose of the research is to identify factors of poverty and their relationship with human trafficking in the US. These factors include income levels of individuals in their origin countries, their age and sex. The proposed research will incorporate past research and statistics on human trafficking in the US caused by poverty and poor economic conditions in other countries. Moreover, the research will form a quantitative research that will assess the association of the identified three variables with increased level of human trafficking in the US. The proposed research will be useful as it would allow its users to understand what economic conditions and demographic factors are involved and how they contribute to major problem of human trafficking in the US. Based on the nature of our research it is proposed that an exploratory approach is used for this research. Exploratory research provides insights into and comprehension of an issue or situation (Gettys, 1980). In view of the proposed study the selected research methodology will be based upon quantitative research that will involve collection of data that is numerical and non-descriptive. The data will be tabulated according to the responses regarding each poverty variable collected through the survey questionnaire. Survey questionnaire to be designed for the research and tools for analyzing responses are discussed in another section of this proposal. The secondary data is gathered from numerous resources. This comprises of the academic sources. The use of this secondary multiple source data helps the researcher with a chance to formulate an objective and logical study. Also evidence from the human trafficking database namely IOM, a major cross-national foundation of primary data on

The Parole System Essay Example for Free

The Parole System Essay Parole is a grant given to prisoners who has performed well inside the correctional system.   To understand the laws involve, words used must be first understand.   Chapter one, Article III, of the book â€Å"Know Your Constitution†, says that act and omissions punishable by law are felonies.   There may be two types of felonies; it may arise from dolus (criminal intent) or from culpa (negligence). This paper will on the study of two countries, so that, one must be able to compare and contrast on those.    That would be in Canada and Philippines.   This will show, how much differences and their economic stability affects the system. In pardoning power, the president has the right to grant parole to any of the inmates that performs well.   Pardons may be granted only after conviction. They may be granted even pending appeal by the offender to a higher court; and even after he has served out his sentence. Congress may not control the pardoning power of the President. It has no power to limit the effect of a pardon; neither to exclude any class of offenses from its exercise. Pardons may be granted for all offenses, except in cases of impeachment.   Accordingly, the President may not pardon the Vice-President, a Justice of the Supreme Court, the Auditor-General, or any member of the Commission on Elections (nor a Justice of the Court of Appeals who may now be removed by impeachment, according to the Judiciary Act, nor a Judge of the Court of Tax Appeals, likewise removable by impeachment under Republic Act No. 1125), when convicted of a culpable violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery, or other high crimes, in impeachment proceedings.   Thy may be granted for offenses against municipal ordinances and regulations. They may be granted for criminal contempt. They may not be granted for contempts against Congress.   By criminal contempt is one that is punishable by our penal law.   Thus, a civil contempt is one committed against the courts consisting in misbehavior in the presence of or so near a judge as to obstruct him in the administration of justice, or in a willful disobedience of a lawful process of the courts, as a refusal to obey a subpoena. Under the Constitution, the President may impose the conditions, restrictions, and limitations. The pardon granted by the President may be plenary or partial.   It may be conditional or absolute. Before it takes effect, the pardon must be delivered to and accepted by the offender.   If the offender refuses the offer of pardon, the court cannot force it on him.   Neither can the executive.   Before it is accepted by him, it may be cancelled; but once accepted by him, it can be revoked.   Such acceptance is, however, necessary only in the case of a conditional pardon.   It is not necessary to the validity of an absolute pardon or of the commutation of a sentence. The pardon granted may be subjected to a condition.   If the condition is violated, the pardon becomes void.   The person may be arrested and compelled to serve so much of the original sentence remaining at the time of his release, except when the said sentence was less than six years in which case he shall suffer prision correccional from six months and one day to two years and four months.   This is true even if the period of the sentence has already expired. A pardon secured through fraud upon the pardoning power is void.   The fraud may be misinterpretation, suppression of the truth, or suggestion of falsehood. The effect of a full pardon is not only to release the punishment but also to blot the existence of the guilt.   It restores the convict to all his civil rights.   It makes him, as it were, a new man, with a new credit and capacity.   It does not, however, restore offices forfeited, or property or interests vested in others as a result of the conviction and judgement. Canada’s Parole System Under the Canada’s parole system, states that the offenders or the accused are ought to bring back on the community under â€Å"conditional† release, which means requires observation, before the end of their sentence.   With this approach, offenders are given the chance to interact again in the community.   But considering all the opportunities given with offenders, there are still lot of controversial concerning the parole system.   This parole system failed to deliver a fair system. As a proof, number of complains were reported.   In the Penitentiary Act of 1868, the offenders or inmates are allowed to have five days every month of sentence â€Å"remission†, or sentence reduction, for their chance to see their behavioral character within the span of their sentence.   Those who earned time are deducted to their sentence.   When the deducted time is equal to the remaining sentence, inmate is released without supervision. Parole, is in consideration with the inmates who were performing well under supervision. The National Board, 1964, offered them grant that were able to approach release under remission.   This indicates that there will be a month advance of release each year they have served.   But, this pertain the condition that they should be under supervision and have done well upon supervision The evolution of the Parole Act in 1970 formally applied the practice of mandatory supervision, even the Penintentiary Act is applied to inmates who have earned remissions in this act.   The Parole Act of 1970 states that the prisoners who have suffered two thirds of their sentence will be release, in condition that they will follow the parole conditions.   If not, they will be immediately be back in prison no matter what kind of release, they must not violate the conditions.   All of them will be conditional, regardless of the type of violation. More likely to the Philippine Constitution, in Canada, with Bills C-67 and C-68, the board has the right to refuse for the parole and if he feels the inmate going to be release would cause a serious harm to any person.   But as always, before release, prisoners must have undergone programs or social reintegration processes.   Bills C-67 and C-68 has been that objective.   Prisoners who are seemed to be dangerous and harmful, (though they just look like) would not benefit their earned remission regardless of how they behave while they are in sentence. Canada’s parole system is currently governed by the National Parole Board.   This parole aims the inmates to have the opportunity to return in their community, without discriminations and to protect the people in the community from harmful acts from the offender. The NBP is the one responsible for making decisions on parole if they will grant or deny it.   But the thing is how the NBP chooses the inmates that will be given the parole.   In this case, lots of things are unpreventable.   There might have some problems regarding with the decision making of the case. There is this sample case when inmates are ready and excited to go out.   There’s this sample case that when you live in the city, you’ll be release, but there is another inmate that were not release because they just simply live in far North for the reason that there are no enough organizations that will help the inmate.   The other thing is that, because the decision depends on the board of the President, they have the right to choose on whom to release or not.   But unfortunately, as early mentioned, there are some cases that they only choose the one the one they want.   Parole system has not yet developed a fair system that will choose the right persons. In addition, many inmates do not understand the parole system.   The board failed to educate their inmates to educate and to make them understand on how the system was applied.   Other problem was that the prisoners feels that they are alien with their own country due to way of treatment they receive from the institution and they have give the control of their lives and losing hope. They even heard inmates who were given parole were brought back in jail when the board seen that the inmate didn’t perform well under supervision.   With this case, they lose the urge of getting out of prison if they will be just returned in jail.   As said, parole system is subjective, that the board may decide whatever they want even the inmate is performing well.   The Aboriginal parole board does a big role of of influencing the National Parole Board so they are the one that should clean the parole system,   Inmates should have receive   fair justice according   with the human rights. Parole system was that good enough because inmates who have loss their chance of living with their family will be given the chance to change their lives.   But, the system must furnished first before doing such, because the failure to do so might cause a bigger damage with inmate, as well as the family of the person involve.   This will greatly help for the person to change his destiny and life. References Know Your Constitution: Aruego, J.M:Manila, Philippines published 1947 Criminal Law: Ambrosio, J.: Manila Philippines,August 31,1947 Philippines: The Correccional Sytem:http://www.photius.com/countries/philippines/national_security/philippines_national_security_the_correctional_sys~10373.html Data as of June 1991    The Beginning of Parole in Canada: http://www.npb-cnlc.gc.ca/about/part1_e.htm: August 14, 2007 Textbook in the Philippine Constitution: Delcon, Hector: Rex Book Store 199: Agugust 2007 Newsroom: http://www.justice.gc.ca/en/news/nr/2005/doc_31456.html: October 10,2005

Creationism - The Theory of Evolution is not Logical Essay -- Biblical

Creationism - The Theory of Evolution is not Logical Genesis 1:1â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.† This quote, taken from the Hebrew Bible describes the belief that religious Jews and Christians follow. These two religions think that man, the earth, and the rest of the universe were originally created instead of the theory of evolution. This view on the origin of the earth is unique, because it was the first religion to practice monotheism (belief in one God), and that God alone created the universe. Contrary to African and Hindu theories, Jews and Christians believe that the world was created by one higher power. As explained in the Bible, God worked for six days. During these six days God created the entire universe. On day one, the planet Earth was formed ...

The Delay in Hamlet’s Revenge Essay example -- Revenge and Vengeance i

The Delay in Hamlet’s Revenge  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet's first thoughts after learning of his father's murder are of an immediate, violent revenge upon Claudius. However, his subsequent actions do not live up to these resolutions. Over four acts he takes little deliberate action against his uncle, although the ghost explicitly demands a swift revenge. In S. T. Coleridge's words, Hamlet's central weakness is that he is "continually resolving to do, yet doing nothing but resolve". Hamlet's first soliloquy, following a hostile conversation with Claudius and Gertrude, shows him grief-stricken, bitter and despairing. The source of Hamlet's melancholy is "his father's death" and the "o'er-hasty marriage" of his mother and uncle. He feels he has to do something, but he does not know precisely what. He expresses his disgust at his mother's inconstancy and incestuous remarriage, but is bound to suffer in silence: he must "hold [his] tongue" for reasons of diplomacy. The world seems empty, and he uses imagery of corruption, darkness, disease and imprisonment to reveal his state of mind. At the beginning of the play, all Hamlet sees is a terrible situation which he has no power to change. The ghost's command therefore gives Hamlet purpose; a reason to live. Its instruction is unmistakable: "if thou didst ever thy dear father love...revenge his foul and most unnatural murder." The apparition, armed "from head to foot", then relates the story of Claudius' treachery in graphic and horrible detail. It is now apparent to Hamlet what is "rotten in the state of Denmark". Shakespeare makes it very clear what Hamlet's duty is and who his enemy is. Hamlet is charged to avenge his father's murder and free Denmark from the shadow of the king's fr... ...e. N.p.: Princeton University Press, 1972.    Pitt, Angela. â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.    Rosenberg, Marvin. â€Å"Laertes: An Impulsive but Earnest Young Aristocrat.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ: Univ. of Delaware P., 1992.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html    West, Rebecca. â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Court and the Castle. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957.      

Philippine Wildlife Essay

Introduction The Philippine Wildlife has a significant number of plant and animal species that are indigenous in the Philippines. The country’s surrounding waters reportedly have the highest level of biodiversity in the world. The Philippines is considered as one of the seventeen mega diverse countries as well as global biodiversity hotspot. The world’s second largest archipelago country after Indonesia, the Philippines includes more than 7,100 islands covering 297,179 km2 in the westernmost Pacific Ocean. The country is one of the few nations that, in its entirety, both a hotspot and a mega diversity country, placing it among the top priority hotspots for global conservation. But deprivation of the forests due to illegal logging, slash-and-burn farming, and urbanization is stripping the Philippine animals of their natural habitats and sanctuaries. Hundreds of years ago, most of the Philippine islands were covered in rain forest. Deforestation, hunting, and a lack of wildlife management has led to the Philippines being described as conservation â€Å"hotspot†. Fewer natural wildlife habitat areas remain each year. Moreover, the habitat that remains has often been degraded to the wild areas which existed in the past. The country’s wildlife is listed as endangered, critically endangered or facing extinction. Fragile as they are, these wonderful creatures need support in the conservation effort for the environment to ensure that they will co-exist with us humans. Wildlife conservation efforts are aimed in several main areas. These include the creation of nature sanctuaries where wildlife can live protected and free from harm, and where scientific studies can be conducted to better understand the threats to various species and what solutions are needed to ensure their survival. Researchers conducted this research about Philippine wildlife protection because we want to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness lands to humans. Many government agencies are dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed for wildlife protection. There are also numerous independent non-governmental organizations who also promote various wildlife protection causes. Researchers are also concerned because wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to negative human activities on wildlife. Why wildlife conservation is important? Aside from the fact losing the beauty of our country, Philippines, and destroying different creatures, it is important in order to preserve the diversity of biological life upon our country. Statement of the Problem. This thesis seeks to research the effectiveness of the Department of Environment and National Resources (Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau) in protecting wildlife. Philippines which is one of the world’s most biologically diverse areas has been described by some conservationists as being on the edge of a major wildlife crisis. However, this biodiversity is under threat. Islands once covered in undisturbed forest habitat are now under cultivation to feed the demands of the expanding population. Deforestation, hunting and a lack of wildlife management has led to the Philippines being described as not just as a conservation ‘hotspot’ – an area of concern – but the ‘hottest of the hotspots’. This study shall expound on the effectiveness of wildlife conservation, its significance, and the importance of wildlife in our ecosystem. In these aspects, the researcher seeks to establish an answer to the following questions: 1. Why is it important to conserve and protect wildlife in the Philippines? 2. How effective does the organizations in protecting wildlife? 3. What efforts are being taken to protect wildlife? Hypothesis and Assumptions The efforts exerted by the Department of Environment and Energy Resources- Protected Areas Wildlife Bureau are effective in protecting and conserving the country’s wildlife. The study rests on the following assumptions: 1. Protecting wildlife is important to maintain ecological ‘balance of nature’ and for economic value. 2. Conservation of wildlife is one of the projects that our nation works out. The conservation helps to balance the ecosystem in biodiversity. The efforts that exerted in the organizations tend to facilitate the extinction. 3. Much of the environmental protection that exists today is the direct result of the petitions and other activities of environmental organizations. 4. The efforts exerted by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources are sufficient to protect the wildlife. Scope and Delimitation of the Study The coverage of this study is about the conservation and protection of Philippine wildlife that is being lately mishandled or misused by humans due to negative activities. The study consists of advantage that is being taken to protect or conserve the endangered wildlife in the Philippines. This study is mainly focused on the effectiveness of efforts that are being taken to protect the Philippine wildlife. The study does not cover the climate change and sustainable uses of resources. The study will include the DENR’s ways to protect Philippine wildlife and how they work. It is focused on the study of wildlife wherein they care and conserve Philippine wildlife for future generations. Significance or Importance of the study At the conclusion of this study, the researchers aim to identify the efforts of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources in protecting the Philippine wildlife. This study is important for the researchers to be more knowledgeable about the Philippine Wildlife and to know the effectiveness of the efforts of the DENR in protecting the wildlife. It may also persuade some law Enforcers to specify part of their service such as implementing more laws to protect the Philippine Wildlife. This research informs the general public about the country’s wildlife and help them realize that it is important to conserve our environment. In general, researchers conducted this study for the benefit of the future generation, because the preserved wildlife has a big contribution to peoples’s lives. Definition of Terms Biodiversity – biological diversity in an environment as indicated by numbers of different species of plants and animals Conservation– the protection, preservation, management, or restoration of natural environments and the ecological communities that inhabit them Conservationist – a person who advocates conservation especially if natural resources Critically endangered species– refers to a species or subspecies that is facing extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future Ecosystem– a system that includes all living organisms (biotic factors) in an area as well as its physical environment (abiotic factors) functioning together as a unit Endangered Species – refers to a species or subspecies that is not critically endangered but whose survival in the wild is unlikely if the causal factors continue operating Endemic Species – means species or subspecies which is naturally occurring and found only within specific areas in the country Exotic Species – means species or subspecies which do not naturally occur in the country Extinction – the process of eliminating or reducing a conditioned response by not reinforcing it Habitat – means a place or environment where a species or subspecies naturally occurs or has naturally established its population Indigenous– born or endangered in, native to a land or region, especially before an intrusion Indigenous wildlife- means species or subspecies of wildlife naturally occurring or has naturally established population in the country Introduction – means bringing species into the wild that is outside its natural habitat Threatened Species – a general term to denote species or subspecies considered as critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable or other accepted categories of wildlife whose population is at risk of extinction Vulnerable Species – refers to a species or subspecies that is not critically endangered nor endangered but is under threat from adverse factors throughout its range and is likely to move to the endangered category in the near future Wildlife – means wild forms and varieties of flora and fauna, in all developmental stages, including those which are in captivity or are being bred or propagated Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies This chapter presents various foreign and local materials associated with the subject of this research. These materials aid in the comprehension and analysis of the Effectiveness of Efforts that being taken to protect the Wildlife in the Philippines. State of the Art The literature and studies that were reviewed were found to have bearing on the present study. They served as bases for the conceptualization the study’s research problem, research design and research methodology. Local Literature Roberto V. Oliva, a Forest Law Enforcement Specialist, stated that the Philippines is one of the 17 mega diverse countries in the world in his book entitled, PHILIPPINE FOREST AND WILDLIFE LAW ENFORCEMENT: Situationer and Core Issues. In this book, Oliva describe that the number of species in a country is one measure of biodiversity. The Philippines has 204 species of mammals, of which 54% or 111 species are found nowhere else; 101 species of amphibians, 78% of which is endemic; 258 species of reptiles with 66% endemism; and 576 species of birds with 34% or 195 endemic species. On wild flora, the country has about 14,000 species representing five percent of the world’s flora. These include more than 8,000 species of flowering plants or angiosperms, 33 species of gymnosperms, 1,100 species of pteridophytes, and 1,271 species of bryophytes. According to Oliva, there are many more species that remain unknown to science. Per hectare, the Philippines probably holds more diversity o f life than any other country on Earth. He explained that because of the remarkable diversity in Philippine biological resources, the country is considered as one of the 18 mega diversity countries in the world. Unfortunately, with the loss of the country’s forest cover, the habitat of wild fauna has likewise been lost. In his piece of writing he stated that habitat destruction can be attributed to logging, both legal and illegal, mining and energy projects, land use conversion, kaingin, pest and diseases. While habitat destruction is considered as the reason for wildlife loss, other factors include weak institutional and legal mechanisms, domestication and hybridization, introduction of exotic species, and overexploitation for food and trade. In line with this situation, Oliva also discussed in his book that the government is the responsible for terrestrial and wildlife protection. The government implemented the REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9147, the Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act. on July 30, 2001. In the pursuit of this policy, this Act shall have the following objectives: (a) to conserve and protect wildlife species and their habitats to promote ecological balance and enha nce biological diversity; (b) to regulate the collection and trade of wildlife; (c) to pursue, with due regard to the national interest, the Philippine commitment to international conventions, protection of wildlife and their habitats; and (d) to initiate or support scientific studies on the conservation of biological diversity. According to Oliva, RA 9147 is a good law insofar as it provides for the legal ordinance for wildlife protection. However, Oliva explained further that there are issues hindering its effective implementation. It might be caused by lack of resources for wildlife protection, lack of technical expertise in the DENR, Wildlife Enforcement Officers and LGUs in the proper identification of wildlife, Absence of institutional arrangements with other countries to fight the entry and exit of exotic wildlife species and lastly lack of wildlife rescue centers. In the last part of the book, he recommended some ways to strengthen wildlife protection. Among those recommendations are by setting up all the needed facilities and granting benefits for those who protect the wildlife. His book influenced the mind of all the Filipino readers that the government is ready to provide everything to protect the wildlife in the country. We can assure that if all the Filipino citizens and government or non-govern ment agencies work as a one team, we can prevent the extinction between different species and conserve wildlife for the next generation. Foreign Literature Based from the book of Renee Galang entitled â€Å"A Critical Review of Wildlife Conservation in the Philippines† published in Melbourne, Australia, The country’s marine biodiversity is equally spectacular. According to his previous research the Philippines is considered one of the 17 mega diversity countries which together contain 70% to 80% of global biodiversity (Mittermeier et. al. 1997; DENR PAWB et al.2002). The Philippine biodiversity therefore has global significance. The recent 12th Philippine Biodiversity Symposium titled â€Å"Biodiversity conservation: Learning from the past, working for the future† in Negros Occidental, Philippines was the best opportunity to experience the current conservation activities in the Philippines. . A total of 170 participants from the provincial congressmen and women, to foreign and local conservationists, international and national related foundations, Universities, NGO’s and conservation biology under-graduate and post-graduate students participated. The atmosphere was intensely passionate for the conservation cause and the flow of information and networking was friendly, akin to any collaborative activity of like-minded people. The challenge facing Philippine conservationists to stabilise and/or reverse the current grave ecological crisis is colossal. This is due to the recent acknowledgment that the country is the top of the list of â€Å"mega diverse countries†. â€Å"In relation to the size of its land mass, the Philippines is one of the world’s centres of biodiversity and endemism† (WCSP 1997). The country has 529 endemic vertebrates (DENR-PAWB et. al. 2002) for which many of the endemic mammals and aviafaunas are in endanger of extinction if the current crisis continues. Heaney (1999) asserted that â€Å"it is tragic that the biodiversity of the Philippines and the threat of its impending loss have been discovered simultaneously†. Due to this scenario, Heaney (1999) concluded that the nation is facing stark alternative: either a decline from the biologically richest place on earth to environmental devastation, or recover from the current brush with disaster to a point of stability. The decline of the Philippine forest is primarily due to the Philippine government failure to implement protective policies and the corruption of former administrations. This is especially true on the latter half of last century where the forest declined from 50% in 1950 to less than 20% at present, of which less than 3% is primary forest left. As the publication of the Philippine spotted dear it states that by the self funded nationwide survey of Roger C. Cox, 95% of its natural distribution in 1985 and 1987 is believed to have kick started the present intense conservation action is the Philippines. The Philippine government reacted by passing an Executive Order 192 through the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) to create the Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB) in 1987. The Bureau’s responsibilities are: to establish and manage the country’s Integrated Protected Area System (IPAS); to formulate policies of the preservation of biological diversity; and to serve as the management authority in the enforcement of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild fauna and flora (CITES). PAWB has 4 divisions: Biodiversity management, Natural recreation and extension, protected areas commission, and Wildlife resources. DENR in 1989 established the sustainable development concept as its central guiding principle. The department also formulated the Philippine Strategy for Sustainable Development (PSSD) that incorporated the concept of the Triple Bottom Lines (i.e. economic viability, ecological sustainability and social responsibility) as its central them Related Studies According to Ceferino P. MAALA a visiting professor in Hiroshima University-Japan, the Philippine is high on the list of priority countries in the world for wildlife conservation because of its remarkable biological diversity, large number of endemic animal and plant species, inadequate wildlife protection measures, and high rate of deforestation What are endangered species? According to the definition given by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), endangered species are plants or animals that are being threatened with extinction due to excessive hunting and large scale destruction of their habitat. Conservationists all over the world are alarmed by the 1996 Report of the International Union for IUCN tating that the number of critically endangered mammals in the world has increased significantly from 169-180, primates from 13-19, fresh water turtles from 10-24, and birds from 168-182. Of the list for endangered mammalian species, nine ar e endemic to the Philippine islands. These are the Golden crowned flying fox, Negros naked-backed fruit bat, Philippine tube-nosed fruit bat, Panay bushy-tailed cloud rat, Ilin hairy-tailed cloud rat, Visayan warty pig, Calamian hog deer, Visayan spotted deer, and tamaraw. Among the critically endangered avian species in the report is the Philippine eagle. Although no endangered marine mammals were mentioned in the report, whale sharks are fast disappearing from Philippine waters (Esplanada, 2000). For example, the Rhicodon typus (also known as pating patola in Zambales, toko in Mindoro, balilan in Cebu and Bohol and butanding in Bicol and Palawan), which regularly visits the waters of Donsol, Sorsogon (located at the tip of Bicol Peninsula) from November to May are rarely sighted in Philippine waters now. These gentle, polka dotted whale sharks are widely hunted by local fishermen for its meat and fins, which are reported to command a high price abroad. To prevent the Richodon typus from completely disappearing from the Philippine waters, the Philippine government in 1998 declared the whale shark endangered; thus, banning poaching and exporting of its 2 Ceferino P. MAALAmeat, which is a delicacy in some Asian countries. Other non-governmental conservation groups such as the World Wildlife Fund Philippines (Kabang Kalikasan ng Pilipinas) and large business conglomerates like Nokia Philippines, Megaworld Corporation and International Container Terminal Services Incorporated have supported the government’s campaign to protect the whale shark. The Philippine Daily Inquirer a leading Philippine newspaper also supports the save the whale shark campaign. Other endangered Philippine species are the Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), Olive Ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), Leatherback turtle (Dermochyles coriacea), Philippine crocodile also known as Philippine freshwater crocodile and Mindoro crocodile (Crocodylus mindore nsis), Indo-Pacific crocodile or salt water crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), Mindoro bleeding heart (Gallicolumba platenae), Mindoro bleeding heart (Ducula mindorensis), lesser eagle owl (Mimizuki gurneyi), Philippine eagle owl (Bubo philippensis), silvery kingfisher (Alcedo argentata), Mindoro hornbill (Penelopides mindorensis), celestial monarch (Hypothymis coelestis) and Isabela oriole (Oriolus isabellae). The Philippines – Japan Crocodile Farming Institute (CFI) based in Palawan Island has successfully bred the Crocodylus mindorensis in captivity. Only the endangered terrestial mammals (cloud rats, fruit bats, deers, wild pig and tamaraw) and the Philippine eagle will be described in this paper There are many organizations in the Philippines that are implementing various ways to protect and conserve our endangered wildlife. They are ensuring the health and survival of the habitats, plants and animals, conserving natural areas, protecting vital ecosystem services and providing communities with economically sustainable alternatives to forest destruction. Through these organizations, they assess forestry and agricultural businesses to ensure that they are complying with different environmental standards, which include properly caring for water and soil, monitoring wildlife populations, protecting migratory pathways and prohibiting the hunting and trafficking of wild animals. Organizations help communities establish and support tourism businesses as an alternative to deforestation. Therefore, the different organizations for wildlife take an efforts and takes active part in forming to protect the wildlife. Chapter Three Research Design and Methodology This chapter discusses the research design and methodology of the study. It shows how the procedural operation of the research problem of this study. Research Design This study utilized the observational research design. An observational research is a type of co relational research in which a researcher observes ongoing behaviour. Through this research design, this study will describe the effectiveness of different protective efforts of the DENR-PAWB in protecting the Philippine wildlife. Sources of Data The study has two sources of data, namely; primary and secondary sources. The primary sources of data are through from browsing the internet. The secondary sources of data include the information gathered from the interviews. Instrumentation and Validation This research used data procured from the interviews we conducted to the Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB) and details stated at the Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act. Data Gathering Procedure The researchers sought the permission to interview the two different organizations who protect the endangered wildlife in the Philippines to procure data as regards to the effective efforts to protect wildlife. Chapter Four Presentation, Analysis, and Presentation of Data This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered in this study. Here are some information gathered from the questions that the researches made and answered by the respondents. 1.The primary reason of having wildlife in the country is for ecological balance and it is also to maintain the food web. Food web diagrams the interaction of multiple food chains within a certain ecosystem, showing the mutual dependency of species and the natural balance of habitats that sustain animal and plant life. 2.Because of harmful human activities, urbanization and climate change, some of the species in the country becomes threatened. Another reason is because of the Invasive Alien Species. These exotic species are plants, animals or microorganisms that have been introduced outside their natural distribution area. When IAS enters new habitats, the lack of predators and their ability to compete with native species over the existing food supply can allow them to dominate the local ecosystem. Local species can actually become a food source of the IAS, and drive the former to extinction. 3.The important reason of protecting the wildlife is to save its small population and to sav e them from extinction. 4.Some threatened species are can be found in some of the provinces in Visayas and in the region of MIMAROPA such as Negros, Panay, Leyte, Mindoro and Palawan. 5.There were only about one to two animals that are being rescued every day. These animals are not really endangered. Usually, animals like snakes, turtles and monkeys are being turned over by those who don’t know how to handle these animals. 6.There’s a circumstance that the rescuer are being harmed by the animals that they’re rescuing. Especially when those animals are not used to human activity. Accidents are inevitable in rescuing wildlife animal. 7.There are different ways on how modern technology helps these organizations to protect the wildlife easier. The Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is an effective tool for managing, analyzing, and mapping wildlife data such as population size and distribution, habitat use and preference, changes in habitats, and regional biodiversity. GIS offers an indispensable means of tracking threatened animals to help prevent further harm or even extinction. In the other hand, the Global Positioning System (GPS) device will normally record and store location data at a pre-determined interval or on interrupt by an environmental sensor. These data may be stored pending recovery of the device or relayed to a central data store or internet-connected computer using an embedded cellular (GPRS), radio, or satellite modem. The animal’s location can then be plotted against a map or chart in near real-time or, when analysing the track later, using a GIS package or custom software. But they don’t have enough number of these devices because these devices cost too much expensive. It can be afford if there were sponsors that are willing to help financially. 8.Medical health plans are provided for all the animals. Quarantine tests and annual health assessment are also given for all the animals that they are taking care of. 9. They only provide a temporary shelter. Their main objective is to rehabilitate the rescued animals and they will bring them back to their natural habitat. 10.There are many regional rescue centers all over the country. It is required to have at least one rescue center/sanctuary for the animals every region. According to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the Philippine flora has 101 critically endangered species, 193 endangered species and 240 vulnerable species. In the other hand, the Philippine fauna has 299 resident species, 203 migrant species, 421 endemic species, 22 indigenous species, and 7 newly introduced species. Chapter Five Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. This study determined the effectiveness of the different efforts exerted by the DENR in protecting and conserving the country’s wildlife. This sought to answer the following sub-problems. What is the total number of threatened species in the country as of year 2011? What are the factors that the organization does in conserving wildlife? I. Summary In spite of those harmful activities by humans, different organizations strive hard to protect and take care of the wildlife. There are gradually of animals are being rescued a day. Protectors of the wildlife are sometimes put in danger like being harmed by the animals that they are trying to rescue. The DENR- Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau Rescue Center is established as a temporary shelter for donated, rescued, abandoned and confiscated endemic, indigenous and exotic wildlife from Metro Manila and nearby provinces. All wild animals brought into the center undergo the necessary health quarantine and rehabilitation period. Endemic and indigenous wild animals found physically fit are eventually released back into their natural habitat following standard protocol. Those unfit individuals as well as exotics are displayed in the Mini-zoo to promote public awareness, appreciation and support to the conservation of the country’s wildlife resources and their habitats. The center is also a source of display animals for legitimate zoological parks and research specimens for academic and scientific institutions. It is also a living laboratory for veterinary and biology students and wildlife enthusiasts. Nowadays, modern technology plays a big role in our daily lives to make our job easily. There are some devices that are being used by the DENR to track and detect the threatened animals. Unfortunately these devices are costly that can’t afford and can’t operate continuously. In spite of that, the organizations are trying to bring back the rescued animals to their habitats and also, they provide the entire medical health plan that the animals needed. The medical health plan depends if the animal is suffering from an illness or has been into a hazardous accident. They provide rescue centres all over the country who take temporary custody and care of all confiscated, abandoned and donated wildlife to ensure their welfare and well-being. DENR implemented rules and regulations on conserving the country’s wildlife resource and their habitats for sustainability. It is entitled â€Å"The Wildlife Act: RA No. 9147†. In general, the DENR-PAWB is the primary government agency responsible for terrestrial wildlife protection. They aim to conserve and protect wildlife species and their habitats to promote ecological balance and enhance biological diversity. II. Conclusions From the analysis, interpretations and implications of the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. Unless the extinction doesn’t occur, the efforts exerted by the organizations are still effective. 2. There were many different organizations, different in objectives and efforts. But still they are striving for one goal, to take good care, protect and preserve the natural resources that our country’s can be proud of. 3. Protecting wildlife is to encompass plants and animals. Protecting wildlife will also protect the habitats and therefore help maintain ecological balance III. Recommendations In the light of the findings and conclusions, the following are offered as recommendations for possible action: 1. The government should develop and enhance the laws concerning the protection of country’s natural resources. 2. Increased support from state and central government agencies for the conservation of natural resources. 3. Proper planning of land and water utilization should be done to ensure the protection of wildlife in their natural habitats or in the manmade habitats such as zoos and botanical gardens.